US' CDC raises alarm as Florida sees spike in Leprosy cases; Can it become endemic?

In a concerning development, Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is showing signs of becoming endemic in the southeastern region of the United States, according to recent research findings published in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Particularly, Central Florida has seen a significant surge in reported cases, accounting for 81% of leprosy cases in the state of Florida and almost one-fifth of all cases nationwide.

Once believed to be a disease of the past, Leprosy is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae, which targets the skin and nerves, leading to nerve swelling under the skin. This, in turn, results in a loss of sensation in affected areas, making it difficult for individuals to sense touch and pain, leading to potential injuries. The skin in these areas may also undergo changes in color. While Leprosy was once feared as a highly contagious and devastating condition, medical advancements have proven that it is treatable. However, the stigma surrounding the disease persists in various communities, leading to discrimination and isolation for those affected.

Here is what you need to know

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 200,000 new cases of Leprosy are reported annually in more than 120 countries, with the highest numbers in Brazil, India, and Indonesia. In the United States, the CDC reports around 150 new infections each year. The disease is primarily spread through prolonged and close contact with an untreated infected individual, dispelling misconceptions about casual transmission. You cannot contract Leprosy through simple daily interactions like shaking hands, hugging, or sharing meals on public transport.

Dr. Aileen Marty, an infectious diseases specialist at Florida International University, spoke with CBS news to shed light on the recent increase in cases. While around 90% of people appear to be naturally immune to the disease, there are multiple factors contributing to the rise, Dr. Aileen said. One factor is the arrival of individuals with Leprosy from other countries, she suggested. Additionally, armadillos have been linked to the spread of the disease. These animals, known to carry the bacteria, migrated from Louisiana and Texas to Central Florida over the years, leading to an increase in cases in the region.

The situation has drawn attention from health authorities and experts. As the U.S. government grapples with ways to address this rising concern, researchers and public health officials emphasize the importance of monitoring and preventing further transmission. There is also a call for greater awareness to combat the lingering stigma associated with the disease. With continued research and collaborative efforts, it is hoped that swift action can be taken to curb the spread of Leprosy and ensure the health and well-being of communities in the southeastern United States.