Japan fortifies Bangladesh with $3.82 million naval aid deal to counter China's influence

Japan is set to bolster Bangladesh's naval capabilities through its new defense aid program, with the approval of a $3.82 million deal to provide naval patrol boats. This move signifies Bangladesh as the second beneficiary of Tokyo's initiative aimed at countering China's escalating influence in the region, particularly in the Indian Ocean. 

China's increasing naval presence in the Indian Ocean has raised concerns among Western allies. The recent development of the Ream Naval Base in Cambodia, described as "expensive and capable," adds to the growing unease. This move by Bangladesh to turn to Japan for defense support suggests a shift away from China as its primary weapons supplier. 

Details of the Japan-Bangladesh deal 

The deal, finalized on November 15, is part of Japan's Official Security Assistance (OSA) program, launched this fiscal year to complement development assistance focusing on economic growth. Following the Philippines as the first beneficiary, Bangladesh is set to receive naval patrol boats to enhance monitoring, surveillance, and disaster relief capabilities in the Bay of Bengal. 

The Bay of Bengal holds strategic importance not only for Bangladesh but also for India's security concerns. The Japanese Foreign Ministry highlighted the importance of improving capabilities in this region, particularly for the Bangladesh Navy engaged in operations and activities in the Bay of Bengal. While Japan has not disclosed the specific number and type of boats, it referred to them as "four small boats." The funds allocated indicate their size as small to mid-sized fast attack or patrol craft, suitable for anti-smuggling roles and coastal operations. The vessels will be acquired through a competitive bidding process. 

The OSA framework, initiated under Japan's revised National Security Strategy, focuses on providing grants for equipment, supplies, and infrastructure development to partner countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Tokyo aims to strengthen the security and deterrence capabilities of these nations, creating a more favorable security environment in the face of China's military might. 

Challenges in breaking ties with China 

Despite Japan's efforts to present itself as an alternative to China, Dhaka's ties with Beijing remain significant. China is Bangladesh's top trading partner and the primary supplier of military equipment, accounting for 74% of arms imports in the 2018-22 period. Japan's upgraded relations with Bangladesh and proposals for industrial hubs signal its intent to be a key player in the region. 

As Bangladesh strives to be removed from the UN's list of least-developed countries by 2026, it remains uncertain whether the nation will fully pivot away from China. Dhaka has traditionally avoided taking sides in geopolitical rivalries. Japan's defense aid, while a significant step, may not necessarily lead to a complete shift in alliances. 

In summary, Japan's naval aid to Bangladesh marks a strategic move in the evolving dynamics of regional defense partnerships, with Dhaka navigating the delicate balance between existing ties with China and emerging alliances with Japan and potentially the United States.